全国多环芳烃年排放量估算

根据排放因子和相关排放活动的统计资料,估算了USEPA优先污染物清单中16种PAHs的全国年排放量。结果表明,1999年16种PAHs排放总量约为9799t,其中7种致癌性PAHs排放总量约2000t。主要排放源为家庭燃煤和炼焦,两者分别占总排放量的66.6%和30.6%。在75%置信区间上,估算结果的不确定性大致为正负一个数量级。PAHs排放谱中荧蒽、蒽、芘以及高环化合物比例显著高于北美大湖地区。     

马铃薯环腐病菌内生拮抗细菌的分离与筛选

在以往大量实验的基础上 ,从 8个不同来源的 3个马铃薯品种块茎中分离到 2 4 1个菌株 ,通过对这些菌株的离体测定 ,共得到 55株对马铃薯环腐病菌有拮抗作用的内生细菌 ,占总菌数的2 2 %。其中表现好的有 0 6 9,110 ,116 ,118,T4 ,较为突出的有 0 85,T3 ,A - 10′。     

Clinical evaluation of the anaesthetic sparing effect of brachial plexus block in cats

ObjectiveTo evaluate the isoflurane sparing effect and the post-surgical analgesia provided by a brachial plexus block (BPB) in cats undergoing distal thoracic limb surgery.Study designProspective randomized blinded clinical study.AnimalsTwenty client-owned cats.MethodsCats were assigned to receive either no BPB (group NB) or a nerve stimulator guided BPB (group BPB) using lidocaine (3.6 mg kg^?1) and bupivacaine (1.2 mg kg^?1). Pre-medication consisted of midazolam and ketamine intravenously (IV). Anaesthesia was induced with propofol IV to effect and maintained with isoflurane delivered in oxygen and a continuous rate infusion of fentanyl (2 μg kg^?1 hour^?1). End-tidal isoflurane concentration (Fe′ISO) was adjusted every 3 minutes guided by changes in cardiorespiratory parameters and reflexes present, to maintain a stable depth of anaesthesia. Five time points were chosen to record all parameters and compare values between groups. Recovery and post-operative pain assessment were performed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) at 15 and 45 minutes after extubation and thereafter at hourly intervals until 5 hours after placement of the BPB.ResultsNo clinically significant differences were seen for heart rate, respiratory rate and non-invasive blood pressure between groups. Mean Fe′ISO was significantly lower in group BPB compared with group NB at all time points. In group NB, all intraoperative measurements of Fe′ISO were significantly higher compared with baseline (3 minutes before start of surgery) measurements. During recovery, VAS scores for group BPB were significantly lower than for group NB. Additional analgesics were needed in all cats within the study period.Conclusion and Clinical relevanceIn cats undergoing orthopaedic surgery of the thoracic limb, BPB reduced intra-operative isoflurane requirement and pain during the early post-operative period when compared with procedures without a BPB. BPB is a useful adjunct to anaesthesia in such cases.     

Forage chain arrangement for sustainable livestock systems in a Mediterranean area

Mediterranean forage systems suffer from limited availability of fresh forage because of water deficits and extreme temperatures. Consequently, fresh forage is unavailable for at least 6–7 months a year, and farmers must buy feed to support livestock production. With the aim of overcoming these limitations, a 2‐year trial was conducted on three distinct sites in Sicily (at 10, 600 and 1200 m elevation) with thirty‐four varieties of forage species belonging to nine biennial/perennial and thirteen annual species. Results showed that by integrating grasses and legumes, species from environments with different climatic conditions enable the season of forage production to be extended from mid‐April to mid‐November. Quality traits of forage in different areas varied in relation to species and varieties. In general, the sown‐forage quality was better than in pastures and fallows in the same areas commonly used to feed animals. This also leads to a reduction in the use of supplementary feeds. Among the tested species, Lolium multiflorum and Medicago sativa emerged as the most promising for filling the forage‐deficit periods, and Trifolium spp. and Vicia sativa were found to be superior for increasing forage quality. The results are discussed in the context of adapting Mediterranean forage supplies for ensuring greater sustainability of livestock production in mountain, hill and plain areas. The proposed forage chain arrangement represents part of local potential adaptation to climate limitations and climate change.     

团头鲂血清甲状腺激素浓度的周年变化

运用双抗体放射免疫测定法研究团头鲂（Ｍｅｇａｌｏｂｒａｍａ ａｍｂｌｙｃｅｐｈａｌａ）血清中甲状腺素（Ｔ４）和三碘甲腺原氨酸（Ｔ３）浓度的周年变化。血清Ｔ４和Ｔ３在春季性腺迅速发育时期形成峰值,Ｔ４的升高比Ｔ３早一个月。繁殖期后。血清Ｔ４和Ｔ３水平降低,血清Ｔ４分别在８月和１０月出现两个小峰;Ｔ３在７月－１１月维持较稳定的水平。血清Ｔ４、Ｔ３在冬季的水平均较低。对血清甲状腺激素在春季升高的生理意义作了讨论。     

基于小波分析的年最大径流预测方

径流序列可以看成是各种不同成分线性叠加构成的时间序列。利用小波变换良好的局部化时频分析能力，将年最大径流序列进行分解，使其趋势项、周期项和随机项得以分离。各子序列分别代表不同的时间尺度，反映了各种物理因素对径流过程的影响。然后根据各子序列的特性分别建立幂函数、周期函数或ARMA模型并进行预测。最后将各子序列的预测值合成，得到年最大径流序列的预测值。对宜昌站1991年至2002年最大径流量的预测结果表明，该方法是切实可行的。并指出小波包变换在分析中、高频信息方面优于小波变换，有助于进一步提高预测的精度。     

利用环刀法测定土壤水分精度的影响因素

[目的]探讨环刀法测定土壤物理性质准确性的影响因素,为批量土壤物理性质准确测定提供参考。[方法]以不同类型土壤为研究对象,采用环刀法测定持水量特性,对环刀浸泡水位、浸泡时间、置砂时间及滤纸对测定结果的影响进行讨论分析。[结果]水位高于或低于环刀上沿时,土壤均难以达到最大持水量;水位至环刀上沿且浸泡12～14 h后土壤持水量趋于最大;环刀放置在砂上2～2.5 h避免了重力水干扰,毛管水量测定准确稳定,之后环刀持续置砂72～76 h,是测定最小持水量的适宜时段。忽略环刀中滤纸的持水重量会对最大持水量及毛管持水量的测定造成一定偏差,去除其重量有利于提高测定精度。[结论]对现有环刀法测定土壤物理性质的试验条件进行优化改进,降低了误差,检测结果具有代表性及可比性,适用于批量土壤样品的检测分析。     

黄花蒿绿色药材生产基地环境质量评价

为使栽培出来的黄花蒿达到绿色药材的标准,对广西融安县潭头乡黄花蒿种植基地生态环境质量进行评价。参照国家环保局《环境检测分析方法》布点采样,对黄花蒿规范化种植基地的大气环境、土壤环境和水源质量进行检测。空气质量监测采用国家规定环境空气质量标准(GB3095-1966)进行;土壤环境按国家标准GB15618-1995(土壤环境质量标准)和YB-T-1-2003(药用植物绿色出口生产基地行业标准),增加五氯硝基苯、艾氏剂项目;灌溉水质采用GB5084-92《农田灌溉水质标准》要求进行检测;对原有的野生黄花蒿植株进行重金属检测。广西融安县潭头乡黄花蒿种植基地大气质量达到GB3095-1996一级标准,水源质量达GB5084-92标准,土壤环境达GB15618-1995二级标准,野生黄花蒿植株重金属含量符合《药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准》(WM2/T-2003)要求。广西融安县潭头乡新黄花蒿种植基地环境质量良好,各生态条件适合黄花蒿生长。符合药用植物绿色出口生产基地行业标准(YB-T-1-2003)的要求。     

中山杉和落羽杉木材解剖性质研究

以12年生中山杉和落羽杉胸高处木材为研究对象,利用纤维测定仪测定其管胞长度、宽度,采用图像分析仪测定其管胞壁厚、壁腔比和各种组织比量,利用双因素方差分析方法分析树种因素、距髓心生长轮数对管胞形态和组织比量等特征的影响.中山杉木材的管胞长度、宽度、长宽比均值分别为2 737.84μm、44.84 μm和60.86,落羽杉木材的管胞长度、宽度、长宽比的均值分别为2 698.52 μm、43.44μm和61.51;中山杉木材的早材和晚材管胞弦向壁厚均值分别为5.91 μm和7.57 μm,落羽杉木材的早材和晚材管胞弦向壁厚均值分别为5.89 μm和6.54 μm;中山杉早材和晚材管胞壁腔比均值分别为0.15和0.35,落羽杉的早材和晚材壁腔比均值与中山杉的一致.双因素方差分析的结果表明:除了中山杉晚材的管胞壁厚显著大于落羽杉晚材的管胞壁厚之外,这两个树种其它管胞形态特征、各种组织比量的差异在0.05水平不显著,该结果表明这两种木材的解剖特征很接近;中山杉、落羽杉幼龄木材除了管胞旱材的壁腔比、薄壁细胞组织比量在不同生长轮之间的差异在0.05水平不显著之外,测试的其它特征在不同生长轮之间的差异在0.05水平具有显著性.中山杉、落羽杉木材的解剖特征的径向变异具有相同的规律:管胞长度、管胞宽度、弦向壁厚、管胞组织比量从髓心向树皮都有逐渐增加的趋势,而射线组织比量从髓心向树皮有逐渐降低的趋势,薄壁细胞比量较小,径向变异也较小、没有明显的规律.     

辽宁省春玉米田杂草的生态经济防治阈期研究

在沈阳、庄河两地的田间试验,建立了玉米田苗后有草天数或无草天数与产量损失率间的函数关系模型,明确了辽宁省春玉米田杂草的生态经济防治阈期为玉米出苗后18～65 d.在此期间内保持田间杂草少于经济防治阈值,既可确保杂草造成的减产率低于3%,又能充分发挥杂草在生态系统中的积极作用.